Reproductive Strategies
p. 134, 140
Hermaphroditism
• Monoecious
? ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
• Dioecious
? ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
• Most hermaphrodites ____________________________________________________________.
? Even though they produce both germ cells, they still exchange them with a member of the same species.
• Hermaphroditic species can potentially produce ___________________ as many offspring.
• Sequential hermaphrodites
? have a genetically programmed _____________________________________ during their life
Parthenogenesis
• The development of an embryo from an __________________________________________ or one in which the male and female nuclei fail to ______________________ following fertilization
• Ameiotic parthenogenesis
? ________________________________________________________________________
? ________________________________________________________________________
? ________________________________________________________________________
? ________________________________________________________________________
• Meiotic parthenogenesis
? ________________________________________________________________________
? ________________________________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________________________
? Diploid condition restored by ________________________________________________ or by autogamy
• Autogamy – _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
• Haplodiploidy
? Ex: honey bees
• Queen bee can fertilize eggs as she lays them, or allow them to remain unfertilized.
• Fertilized eggs become ______________________________ females (queens or workers)
• Unfertilized eggs develop parthenogenically to become ____________________________ males (drone)
Oviparous
• Animals who ____________________________________________
• Fertilization may be internal or external
? Internal fertilization
• Eggs are fertilized inside the body of a female _________________________ she lays them
? External fertilization
• Eggs are fertilized by a male _____________________________ a female lays them
Ovoviviparous
• Some animals ______________________________ eggs in their body while they develop
• Embryos derive all their __________________________________________ from yolk stored inside the egg
• Occurs in several _________________________________ groups and certain _______________ and __________________________
Viviparous
• Eggs develop in the ____________________________ or ___________________________ with embryos deriving their nourishment directly from the ________________________________
• Confined mostly to ____________________________ and ______________________________ fishes
? Few invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles known